What are the different types of USB ports on Mac Studio?

All Mac Studios to date have six rear-panel USB ports and two front-panel USB ports. Two of these ports have traditional USB-A connectors, but most have the more modern USB-C one.

Rear panel

• Four USB-C ports with support for traditional USB (up to 10 Gbps), USB4 (up to 40 Gbps), DisplayPort, and Thunderbolt 4 (up to 40 Gbps)
• Two USB-A ports with support for traditional USB (up to 5 Gbps)

Front panel (M1 Max and M2 Max)

• Two USB-C ports with support for traditional USB (up to 10 Gbps) (These ports do not offer any support for USB4, DisplayPort, or Thunderbolt.)

Front panel (M1 Ultra and M2 Ultra)

• Two USB-C ports with support for traditional USB (up to 10 Gbps), USB4 (up to 40 Gbps), DisplayPort, and Thunderbolt 4 (up to 40 Gbps)

Display support varies according to the processor – see Technical Specifications for details.

Four Thunderbolt 4 ports with support for:

• Thunderbolt 4 (up to 40Gb/s)
• DisplayPort
• USB 4 (up to 40Gb/s)
• USB 3.1 Gen 2 (up to 10Gb/s)
• Two USB-A ports (up to 5Gb/s)
• HDMI port
• 10Gb Ethernet
• 3.5 mm headphone jack

On front (M2 Max):

• Two USB-C ports (up to 10Gb/s)
• SDXC card slot (UHS-II)

On front (M2 Ultra):

• Two Thunderbolt 4 ports (up to 40Gb/s)

Shown here..

https://www.xda-developers.com/mac-studio-ports/