Getting a virus via WhatsApp picture?

A weird spam message was sent to my iPhone via WhatsApp, also containing several photos. Unfortunately I immediately clicked on one of them and it downloaded the picture on WhatsApp pictures. I deleted it, but I wonder can I get a virus or something like that on iPhone? I have iPhone 15 if that is important. How do I know if a person can look at my data saved on my iPhone in case they hacked me? Sorry I clicked the wrong iphone in the survey but I have iPhone 15