Which MacBook Air do you have? Is it one that supports 4K displays?
There may be things that you haven't considered. For instance, if your MacBook Air supports 4K displays, and you are OK with sacrificing "workspace" for larger text, you could get a 27" or 32" 4K display and run that display in the Retina "like 1920x1080" mode. You'd get the same "workspace" as on a 24" monitor, but with larger, sharper text.
- 24" => 27" would make each letter 12.5% wider and taller
- 24" => 32" would make each letter 33.3% wider and taller
That sort of magnification might be uncomfortable for most people, but if your vision is impaired, it might be just the ticket for you.