ferrerod’s experience (his small inboxes work, his big inbox does not)tends to support a theory I have about this problem. The theory is that it is some characteristic of some individual emails that iOS 18 mail chokes on. When it hits the emails that it has a problem with, it’s done.
I had tens of thousands of emails in my inbox. When I first tried deleting and reconfiguring the account (one of the suggestions that has helped some people here) it choked almost right away. After I deleted a bunch and moved another bunch into local folders, I tried again (deleting and reconfiguring the account). This time, it worked better. This was demonstrated by the fact that a much higher number of unread emails was shown on the badge. Still, it eventually choked again.
One idea I had was that the presence of non-ascii 128 characters in the subject line of a email was the problem Mail was encountering, but in Canada, where many subject lines contain French words, it was impractical to test.
if my theory is correct, it follows that the more emails you have in your inbox, the more likely you are to have a problem.
None of the foregoing changes the fact that there is a major bug in iOS 18Mail, but maybe this will provide a temporary workaround for some people