Deceased Phone? If the owner of the phone is deceased, then you will be able to use the device with appropriate court record/documents.
How to request access to a deceased family member's Apple account - Apple Support
The other instance where you will be able to use the device is if you have the original purchase receipt from Apple or Authorized Apple seller and then you can remove the Activation Lock.
How to remove Activation Lock - Apple Support
Other than that, you will not be able to remove the Apple ID without the credentials. If the Apple ID is yours, there are options using Account Recovery and it is not always needed to have the email account or phone number, but will depend on the information that you can provide to see if it is acceptable. Knowing the email account and phone number would be essential, but you may not need access to them.
How to use account recovery when you can’t reset your Apple Account password - Apple Support