Buy iPhone in Bangladesh and use it in USA?
Can I buy iPhone 15 with physical SIM and use it USA where eSIM prevails?
iPhone 12 Pro, iOS 17
If you can find a service provider that still uses them you can. Since iPhone is not the only phone out there I would think you could find a carrier with them. Even then, some people still have old phones that cannot use eSIMs so again I suspect carriers still use them.
If you are talking about buying on iPhone here, only eSIM models are sold unless you find an old model.
Your iPhone 12 should be capable of using an eSIM About eSIM on iPhone - Apple Support