High Speed USB 3 connection to iPhone 16 Pro

Most people know (or find out quickly) that the included charging cable that comes with the iPhone 16 Pro is only rated for USB 2 / 480Mbps speeds for data transfer purposes, so if you want higher speed (5Gbps or 10Gbps) data connections you need to have a higher rated cable. Is there some magic about picking a cable though? I ask because I'm trying to use the USB-A to USB-C and USB-C to USB-C cables that came with some Samsung T7 SSDs for my iPhone. When I use the USB-C to USB-C cable to connect the SSD directly to one of the Thunderbolt/USB4 ports on my MacBook Pro 16" (M2 Pro), System Information.app reports the connection as 10Gbps as expected. If I connect to a USB-C hub or Thunderbolt dock where the USB ports are USB 3.1 Gen 1 only, then the connection is 5Gbps as expected. Now, if I use the same cables to attach my iPhone 16 Pro, when connected to the USB ports on the hub or dock, then again I'm connected at 5Gbps. However, if I connect the phone directly to one of the Thunderbolt/USB4 ports on my MBP, then for some reason the connection goes down again to 480Mbps! The cable has no markings/ratings printed directly on it, but if it works to connect the SSD at 10Gbps, shouldn't it also work to connect the phone?