So here's more information from my side.
I use TimeMachine as a convenience, not my only backup option. I've been to this rodeo before with Apple and TimeMachine.
My system wasn't failing to connect to the Synology or the backup data. Everything connected fine. The backup access was long enough to copy 6.5 MB then failed.
After forgetting the target disk and reconnecting it, the OS properly recognized that a prior backup existed, then asked if I wanted to delete the backup history, which sounded like it was different than the actual backup itself. I thought it was just going to delete all the indexes to the backup data and that during the backup process those indexes would be recreated. My Bad.
While fiddling with it a bit more I was watching connections to the Synology.
The Backup starts, creating one SMB3 connection to the Synology.
Then about 5 minutes in, while the TimeMachine application in Settings is still doing the "Cylon bar" & Preparing the backup. There's another SMB3 Connection made to the Synology.
About 90 seconds or so after that, the newer connection is closed.
A few minutes after that, TimeMachine reports that the connection to the backup disc was lost and that the backup failed.
I'll let Apple worry about it. I've spent way too much time over the years being an unpaid Software Quality Assurance person for them. I am a career SQA guy so I'm a bit mercenary about it.
I reported it so that other people who might rely on TimeMachine didn't lose their minds, or their data, trying to fix a problem Apple introduced with 15.0.1
Apple broke it, it's their backup system, it's their OS, they can diagnose and fix it.