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I'm having the exact same issue that this person has, but I can't reply to their post so I'll just link to it: Apple Mobile Device Service not installed… - Apple Community
How do I get the Apple Mobile Device Service installed?
Check if when you disable in settings / data security / protection for stolen devices the setting if it makes a difference. I had after this on reconnect of the iphone a rewuest for driver install and all looks now good. After that just enable protection for stolen devices again. Hope it will be your solution as well.
Apple Mobile Device Service not installed with newest version of Apple Device from MS Store
