AlWeir is correct that there can only be one default browser for the OS. However, there are third party apps that can allow you to do this. The way they work is you set them to be THE default browser, but then you can set up rules for what actual browser to open depending on what kind of link you are dealing with. In your case, a rule that if any URL you click on has teams.microsoft.com (or whatever) in it, it will open in Edge instead of Safari.
Another nice thing is that it isn’t limited strictly to “browsers” - I have a rule for zoom links so that opens the Zoom app directly (rather than a browser that then kicks of Zoom). For certain domains that I may want to check how it works in different browsers I have it give me the choice of all my installed browsers (Safari, Safari Tech Preview, Edge, Chrome, Firefox, Opera). Another example is that if a URL starts with music.apple then it opens the Music app rather than a browser. The point is that it is a common issue that has been solved by a number of developers/apps.
I personally use Choosy (choosy.app), but there are several others (check alternativeto.net for a big list). If you use SetApp I think there is one in their offerings (OpenIn?) and there are some free ones. I will note that I’ve been using Choosy for 15 years without issue. Which is saying something for someone who has 10+ text editors installed ...