Can I upgrade my MacBook Pro after 9 years

Honestly, it's about time.

I can generally keep a Mac performing productively for 10 or so years before I know that it wants to retire. By that time it is obsolete and the OS that it can run has become unsupported and stopped receiving security and other updates from Apple.

Your 2013 or 2014 (?) MacBook Pro is an obsolete Mac. The newest macOS version it can run is macOS 11 Big Sur. That OS has seen four newer versions released beyond its own. It's on the edge of being unsupported.

If I were in your situation I would be window shopping and doing my homework to find my next Mac.

There is no pre-determined time frame. How long do cars last? How long to TVs last?

If you are careful and take care of it can last a long time.

What issues is it having exactly? Maybe someone can help you resolve them.

Also, at 9 years old, it's not unreasonable to start looking for a replacement either.

I have a 2011 Mac mini, and a 2007 iMac, both still work fine, but are not really usable for every day tasks anymore, for different reasons. Computers don't just stop working after a set period of time though.

Five to seven years is a pretty good run for a Mac.

The business servers and business PCs I’ve dealt with tend to get replaced every three to five years.