You probably noticed in the example that the "cascading" menus must be in a column, not a row. Each of your rows would need to be multiple rows (one row for each of your top categories). It uses filtering to show the correct pop ups and hide the others. It is not practical for what you are doing or for any table where each "record" or line item needs to be in one row. It can be useful if there is a single choice to be made (i.e., when there is a single set of cascading menus in the entire table).
I can't tell how many categories you have in total to know how practical this would be but you might consider combining the top category and sub categories to make your pop up menu items.
Foundation & Bsmt - Excavation
Foundation & Bsmt - Blocks
Framing - Lumber
Framing - Steel
and so on
I think the max number of items in a pop up is 250-some but the practical limit (so you are not endlessly scrolling) is likely to be less than that.