Can Apple Intelligence be disabled from Apple Devices?

What specific feature are you looking to restrict? Currently Genmoji or ChatGPT support is not available, so those options will not yet show in Screen Time. We will have to wait and see when those features become available. Apple has done Machine Learning for many years now and there is a grey area on what is Apple Intelligence and what is Machine Learning. You have had Face Detection/Object Detection in Photos for many years along with predictive text typing which are all intelligence features just without the buzzword. Instead of focusing on the label Apple Intelligence, you will need to specify the feature you would like to restrict with Screen Time.

• The Writing Tools is the only significant AI feature that is included with MacOS 15.1, so you do have the option to not allow that.
• Siri has become more knowledgeable, but just like before you can restrict Siri.
• The Clean Up tool in the Photos app, just replaced the Retouch tool. There was not a way to restrict the Retouch tool before in Screen Time and I see know way to restrict the Clean Up tool.

Feedback to Apple can be sent here if there is a feature you would like to restrict that is currently not available. Don't get caught up in the buzzword Apple Intelligence and instead focus on the specific feature.

Product Feedback - Apple

It is part of the Content & Privacy restrictions in Screen Time.

Set up content and privacy restrictions in Screen Time on Mac - Apple Support