How to update OS with latest 2024 security fix on 2017 Intel Macs ???

apple still supports ventura with security updates, if an update was released for newer macOS version but not for venture then it's likely because the security issue in question did not affect venture

if you wish more info then you can reach out to their official support channels

Get Support (apple.com)

And or

 Contact - Official Apple Support

And or

Contact - How to Contact Us - Apple

Or

Genius Bar Reservation and Apple

Support Options - Apple

Did you try the System/General/Software Update settings pane? It took me several days after it was announced before it showed up in that pane.