How to upload my personal iTunes Library to iCloud so I can listen to my CDs via my iPhone?

Your iTunes library can be synchronized through iCloud only by using iTunes Match or Apple Music streaming service. You can sync you music by wire to your device as always.

you can store individual mp3 files as files in iCloud, but that would only allow file access without a music interface

"How to upload my personal iTunes Library to iCloud so I can listen to my CDs via my iPhone?"

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Tranferring iCloud Music Library:

Export your entire library, and then save the backup to iCloud Drive.

Go Here: Move your iTunes library to another computer - Apple Support

tanja217 Said:

"I thought it was clear from my question that I don't know HOW to "export" my personal music library from iTunes (on my laptop) to iCloud?!"

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Exporting your Music Library:

Sync All of this:

• Mac-to-iPhone: Sync Music Between your Mac and iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch - Apple Support
• PC-to-iPhone: Sync Music Between your Windows device and iPhone, iPad, or iPod - Apple Support

Find All of your MP3 Files:

You'd have to dig through your Finder on your Mac. The following would find all downloaded music --nothing in iCloud.

1. Click: the Desktop
2. Click: File menu
3. Select: New Finder Window
4. Type: kind:Music mp3 in the search bar on the top-right corner of the window

Screenshot:

Irrelevant, but... Back Up your Music Library:

1. Hold Down: [command + spacebar]
2. Type this: Music Library.musiclibrary
3. Drag & Drop: the red/white icon to your desktop or an external drive or flash drive

Screenshot: