Epson P9000 with filter error. Epson blames Apple OS

Sure, the easiest way to deflect a customer having issues is to blame something else. The bottom line, though, is that the third party device manufacturer is responsible for supporting macOS, not the other way around. The other problem is that the P9000 is a discontinued printer so it might be lower on Epson’s priority list for an updated driver.

I do have a couple of suggestions. Try resetting the print system and add your printer back in.

Reset the printing system on your Mac to solve a problem - Apple Support

Solve printing problems on Mac - Apple Support

Reset the Mac's Printing System and then re-Add the printer.

see > Reset the printing system on your Mac to solve a problem - Apple Support

For additional Epson Support and FAQ's for macOS 15 Sequoia.

see > https://epson.com/Support/wa00957

Epson should have been more helpful - it's not a system error - the "filtered failed" message comes from CUPS. But it is an Epson filter that is failing.

To find out what filter is failing and why:

Enable cups debugging in Terminal:

cupsctl --debug-logging

print a job to cause the failure, and then look in error_log from /var/log/cups.

There will be a line that says what filter is failing, and hopefully why. It may be old drivers - bad CPU type? Then maybe Epson will be more helpful. But you may be out of luck, given lkrupp's comment that the printer is discontinued.

Hope this helps.