18.2 update on iPhone 14 Pro - Camera and FaceTime app is missing

You can't delete the following Apps from the iPhone

Photos, Camera, Clock, App Store, Health, Wallet, Safari, Phone, Message & Find My apps.

Check for it under the App Library. Next to the last page of the Home Screen. If it is in the App Library Touch, Hold and Drag the icon to Home Screen. That's it.

A long shot, but have you tried resetting the Home Screen layout?

Settings -> General -> Transfer or Reset iPhone -> Reset -> Reset Home Screen Layout

Yes, at this point I'd suggest reinstalling iOS.

How to factory reset your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch - Apple Support

Regards.