Only the MBPro 13" (2016 & 2017) non-Touchbar model with two USB-C ports has a removable SSD, but that SSD uses yet another Apple proprietary SSD connector. AFAIK, there are no adapter or enclosures for it, so installing that SSD into another similar model laptop would be required. However, the SSD in that particular model has an extremely high rate of failure, so if your laptop has boot issues, then it may be due to a bad SSD (yes, the failures are that likely).
None of the other Apple USB-C Macs have removable SSDs. If you have the 2016-2017 Touchbar MBPro, then an Apple Authorized Service Provider may be able to access the data stored on the SSD integrated into the Logic Board by using its LifeBoat connector & a special Apple device. From reading this forum for years, it seems most AASPs don't have this special little black box.
While backups have always been important, they are now more important than ever before because there are a lot more new ways to permanently lose access to the data on the internal SSD due to all the hardware, software, and security changes.