Locked user account on Mac - temporary or not?

1. Forgot the exact password for my local user account (the only one) on a Mac.
2. Attempted logins too many times, with increasingly long delays indicated for my next chance to try again.
3. Now I know the proper password, but upon startup, if entered, I get the message "Your account is locked." without a delay indicator, below the entry field.
4. If restarting with the Recovery Assistant, it allows me to select the account, then allows me to enter the password, but I get the message "Your account is temporarily locked."
5. Even if waiting more than 24 hours between attempts, I get the same result as in steps 4 and 5.
6. The only recovery option I am offered is a FileVault recovery code which I don't think I have. Even though the Mac is linked to my Apple ID and appears in Find My, an Apple ID based unlock procedure is not offered by the system in any step described above.
7. Articles by Apple don't seem to cover this case.

Do I have any chance to log back in? If yes, what are the exact steps to follow? I'm about to factory reset the Mac and consider this forum my last chance to resolve the problem.