The Finder is a File Management system and, as you would expect, it shows file dates-- the file creation date and the file modified date. Photos is an Image Management system and, like Preview or Lightroom, or pretty much any image viewer, it shows the image creation date, and other image data. So the image dates are still there, they just aren't a concern of Finder.
The date is stored in the Exif metadata. You can inspect the metadata with the free app "ExifTool Reader," available at the App Store.
The File dates can be changed to Image dates, if you're sure that's what you want. You will be removing data rather than adding data. There are metadata editors at the App Store, but I haven't used them-- they are free to load for testing, but they have the notorious "in-app purchases." They're probably worth checking out. I can't recommend one, because to change the Exif metadata I use the 3rd party GraphicConverter ($40.) It'd be rather expensive just for changing metadata, but it does a lot more, and I've used it for 35 years(!)