Files from 1992 Mac LC having encoding issues when trying to read on Windows 11

Sounds like you need a Hex Editor that knows how to recognize various file type grammars - On Windows, that would be something like Hexinator (https://hexinator.com/). Although you ought to look at various options and find something that suits you - https://alternativeto.net/software/hexinator/?platform=windows.

On macOS, something similar would be Synalyze It! and its alternatives.

First of all, this appears to be a Mac-formatted 3.5" 1.44 MB HD diskette, since you have been able to read it in an external (USB) floppy drive. An 800K DD Mac-formatted floppy would have required a Macintosh floppy drive capable of handling a variable speed.

Make sure that the floppy is locked (write-protected).

Have you confirmed that MacDrive 11 is capable of correctly reading the plain HFS format on a floppy disk from a Macintosh LC? HFS+ was introduced much later (with Mac OS 8.1, mainly for hard drives) and could not be used on an LC.

Any idea about the kind of files, and/or the programs used to create them? Is it possible that the files have been compressed (for example, via Compact Pro or StuffIt)?

It may be easier (or necessary) to buy or borrow a pre-1998 Macintosh computer with a built-in floppy drive in order to get any useful information from the diskette.