Yes, correct, you removed a payment method from your Apple Account and not your Wallet. Important distinction because you can remove a card from one and not another.
So, back to the issue at hand. When you start a subscription with your Apple Account, Apple is permitted to retain a payment token representing your payment method. If you remove the card, the token remains. Why? A subscription is a contract for payment. Your bank and payment network (Visa, Mastercard etc.) respect the contract and continue to process payments requests.
How do I stop payments? Contact Apple and cancel the subscription. You may request a refund and Apple may grant your request. The Apple Support articles I linked to below will help.
Get Help with Subscriptions and Purchases
Manage Subscriptions
Visit Apple Support
Report a Problem
View Account Information