A2141 not booting on power

If the laptop only has the issues with the power adapter connected, have you tried connecting it to another USB-C port especially on the other side of the laptop? My guess the laptop may have a damaged USB-C port(s).....many of my organization's Macs tend to have accidental liquid damage on those USB-C ports, or the USB-C controller chip on the Logic Board could be bad/damaged....unfortunately some times one bad port can affect all the other ones as well.

FYI, the Logic Boards for the MBPro 16" (2019) do have a high rate of failure (the highest of any other Mac I am familiar with in the last 20 years). In fact several users on this forum have reported that even replacement Logic Boards failed on first use after an official Apple repair. So your issues and those Kernel Panics do not surprise me since most of the Logic Board failures do involve Kernel Panics with this model.

It is also possible you have two different issues here with those Kernel Panics (not uncommon with this model).

Personally I would not spend any money on repairs for this laptop (or any other 2016-2020 Intel Mac with USB-C ports) for multiple reasons. Money spent on repairs is better put towards a new laptop.

I hope you have good backups.

Bad magic is a problem we have not been able to solve here with tools available to mere mortals.

I recommend you contact Apple Support, be polite and professional, but insist on a Specialist to read your panic reports, because their contents are already definitive. [or if you have the option, UNDO the sale due to panic reports indicating Hardware issues]

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These are the standard "Debugging steps":

Make certain you have applied all available software updates, because no one is willing to debug a problem that might have been seen and solved already.

Then you may need to go through the 'regular" steps to eliminate added software as the cause of the problem:

• Run In Safe Mode, where no third-party add-ons are loaded

• create a new "clean" User account, and run with that to eliminate contamination in your regular User account

• run the diagnostic to check for GROSS issues. "no fault found" is not the same as "all is well".

If you are seeing kernel panics, post a panic report. Some panic-reasons suggest a Hardware issue. There is a procedure that can allow you to find those reports to post one. Ask for assistance if you need it. [you already did this apart]

if you take it to an Apple service provider first, they CAN run their diagnostics, which are a bit more comprehensive that the User diagnostics. In the very small amount of time they are run, “No faults detected” still does not mean “All is Well” but at least there are no detected GROSS problems. Unless they can find a fault, they will return your computer unchanged.

Genius Bar technicians are NOT trained to read panic reports and computer logs. When you present your computer at the Genius Bar with the expectation of a quote to repair it, you must generally meet these criteria:

• your Mac won't do anything

• your Mac fails diagnostics

• your Mac has a problem you can repeatably demonstrate on demand

one other oddball case:

• Apple online support has DIRECTED a Service Provider to replace specific components inside your Mac, such as the mainboard or display. Bring proof, such as case number.

The telephone support people are more likely to work with you. They will insist that you go through the motions to eliminate software issues. But when they get to the end of their list, you should insist on having your problem escalated to a specialist. Specialists are more likely to actually read your panic reports, and to agree this is a problem and DIRECT an Apple service provider to swap things (likely mainboard) for a new one.

You MUST have a Trusted backup before submitting your Mac for service. if the mainboard is swapped out, the boot drive will be swapped out as well, and you will not get your files back.

<< panic(cpu 1 caller 0xfffffff025192078): x86 CPU CATERR detected. >>

CATastrophic [Hardware] ERRor in the x86 Processor in not generally something you can ignore.

Kernel Panic Reports are stored in the Folder at:

/Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports

If you copy and paste that string into:

Finder > Go menu > Go to Folder

it will take you to the Folder where those reports are stored.

Kernel panic reports are named with Date&Time and start or end in ‘panic’

If you find that one, or a similar one, please post as much as you can here, by using the “additional text” Icon in the reply footer (looks like a paper with writing). (Once the report devolves into incessant software-names or incessant Base-64 dumps with lots of AAAAAA lines, you are done.)

Please don’t post more about 20 lines of any other types of reports — they are interminable, and any information useful for this purpose is on the first screenful.

If you post your kernel panic here in its entirety, using the additional text icon in the reply footer, we do have some Readers (typically with developer background) who can attempt to interpret those panic reports. Even if no clear symptom emerges, this can still save a step if you DO need to contact Apple support later, because Apple Support Specialists can read the panic reports you posted here, if you tell them what discussion or what Avatar.

<< the apple logo displays on a black screen and then the computer will shutoff after a few seconds. >>

the symptom you describe is an indication that the drive can not be successfully Mounted at startup, because it appears to be corrupted.

The Mac startup software drops back into one pass of disk repair, hoping to get the disk Directory fixed. If it can not be fixed in one pass of repair disk, there is nothing more your Mac can do automatically, so it does a Program-controlled orderly Shutdown (NOT a crash or just dropping power).

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Start from Recovery, and run disk utility repair disk repeatedly until it seems fixed or is clearly hopeless.

If hopeless, What to do if it can NOT be fixed depends on this:

¿what is the date of your most recent backup, and by what method?

You're welcome.

Just make sure you properly prepare this laptop before sending it back so that your AppleID is no longer associated with the laptop and none of your personal data remains on the internal SSD by using the instructions in the following Apple article:

What to do before you sell, give away, trade in, or recycle your Mac - Apple Support

<< Once the power cord is removed the computer boots no problem right away into the OS. > >

I don't understand that part at all, unless you just "got lucky" that time.

¿Is it repeatable?

After it boots correctly once, does the power-adapter connect method still fail?