How do I recover my Apple account password without a recovery key?

Without another Trusted Device that is logged into your account already, you don't recover your password and will not be able to use that Apple Account anymore. With that level of security, Apple does not keep your Recovery Key and you have asked them not to recover your account without it.

• When you set up a recovery key, you turn off Apple’s standard account recovery process.
• When you generate a recovery key, print a copy or write it down. Keep it in a safe place, so that you always have access to your Apple Account. You can give a copy of your recovery key to a family member, or keep copies in more than one place.
• This gives you more control of your account recovery methods and can help prevent an attacker from gaining access to and taking control of your account. However, if you lose your recovery key and can’t access one of your trusted devices, you’ll be locked out of your account permanently.

Set up a recovery key for your Apple Account - Apple Support