Light entering the lens is not in focus yet and cannot resolve any small details such as dust or scratches. However, if you point the lens directly towards a bright light source such as the sun, the image might take on a slightly hazy or foggy appearance and this phenomenon is referred to as flare (see link below). Even dust inside the lens cannot be resolved and will not cause loss of image quality.

Light entering the lens on the left is not in focus and cannot resolve small particles on surfaces, even inside the lens. Light doesn’t come to focus until the surface of chip/sensor in your camera/iPhone.
Here is a photo taken by Kurt Munger. See anything terribly wrong with the image? I don’t. Nice shot of someone’s backyard in the southwest. Now scroll down for a shot of the lens that made that photo.


There are two deep scratches on the lens, dust, finger prints and pieces of torn paper stuck to the front. Now what do you think of that shot? Complete article will amaze (link below).
Protective covers are useless and will lower the quality of the images. Save your money. Use the money instead to purchase a nice microfiber cloth to wipe you lens with when jelly from your PB&J gets on the lens. 😀
So, in conclusion, forget the dust, forget the scratches and almost everything you’ve been told or taught about lenses. Most are urban myths and rumors started by camera stores to get you to buy crap you never needed. Get out there and take some great photos and have fun. You’re not going to hurt it.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_flare
https://web.archive.org/web/20190126021522/http://kurtmunger.com/dirty_lens_articleid35.html