unable to change my password on iphone and ipad

I recently changed my Google password on my Microsoft but I am unable to change it on my iphone and ipad. I get as far as Re-enter Password and try to re-enter it, a screen comes up requesting Email or phone.

I enter my email, press Next then I get a QR code after which I am asked for a Passkey to confirm it is really me. I don't have a Passkey.

Without changing my Password I cannot get my gmail emails at all.