iPhone 14 Pro Max screen turns black while receiving calls or listining audio

In addition to everything Katana-San offered, it would help if you clarify a couple things:

1. Are you suggested that when you phone rings, your screen is black or are you suggesting that when you answer a call, the screen goes black? The screen is designed to go black when on a phone call as it uses a Proximity Sensor, which detects your face against the phone, so that would be normal.
2. When you listen to music, your screen should go dark, depending how long you have set the screen to remain active in Settings > Display & Brightness > Auto-Lock. For example, when I stream music, my screen goes dark in 2 minutes as that is what I have my Auto-Lock set to. You might have yours set to 30 seconds, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 minutes.

Hello~ Have you added a new case? It may be covering your proximity sensor. If not that sensor may be failing. Try a forced restart as well…

Force restart iPhone - Apple Support

Genius Bar Reservation and Apple Support Options - Apple

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~Katana-San~