How do I change the font color on my iPhone 14 home screen?

There is no way to change the font color, but you could change the wallpaper to a darker color. You can also increase the size of the icons by going to Settings/Display & Brightness and change the zoom setting to Larger.

There is no way to change the font color on your Home Screen. Typically, if the wallpaper you have selected is too light, it should automatically make the font black. If it's not doing that, you may want to choose a wallpaper which is darker.

And if you switch on the “Increased Contrast” mode in universal access - might help improve readability a bit.