FYI, Available storage space is not synonymous with Free space on macOS. Unfortunately macOS shows the very misleading "Available" storage value every where, but the more important & accurate Free space value is only shown in Disk Utility and System Profiler (aka System Information).
If you completely run out of Free storage space on an APFS volume, then bad things happen such as no longer being able to delete any files to make more room due to how the APFS file system work (Apple neglected to configure a safety buffer to prevent it).
I would look at any cloud based file syncing services. A quick test would be to turn off WiFi to see if that resolves the drive filling up & running out of Free space.
You can also try looking at the "Storage" pane of Activity Monitor to see what app or process is writing the most data (this may not always work or help, but worth a look).
Also many times issues after an update/upgrade are due to issues with third party software. Many times third party apps need to be updated to newer versions compatible with OS update. Apps which interfere with the normal operation of macOS at a low level are usually the culprits. Apps such as anti-virus apps, cleaning/optimizer apps, and third party security software....none of which are needed on a Mac. Uninstall these types of app and make sure your other apps are completely up to date.