App Store is not accepting the password on my iPhone when the Apple Account does

Re: Apple id and Pass work in icloud but pass gets rejected in App Store on phone.

You may want to check that you are signed in to your correct Apple Account on your iPhone:

See: Sign in to your Apple Account on the web or in your device settings - Apple Support

If you have updated your password since you last used the App Store, you may need to sign out, of the App Store, and then sign back in with the current password.

or

Restarting your iPhone may be worth a try: (ie: deletes temporary files, re-establishes connections, may update recent setting changes etc., and often restores order if something is not working as expected.)

You could check your App Store settings are as you want them: (eg: ensure there are no limiting restrictions set)

How to: Manage App Store purchases, settings, and restrictions on iPhone - Apple Support

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If needed:

Website for more info. / support / contact options etc: Subscriptions and Billing - Official Apple Support