Actually, it turns out that you can have the Dock showing simultaneously on multiple displays.
The Macintosh has had the concept of multiple displays, operating in extended desktop mode, for a very long time. This goes back to the Macintosh II, introduced in March 1987, which supported this in software at a time when PCs could only do it using special graphics cards (that supported it on the graphics card itself), or not at all.
It's normal for the menu bar – and the Mac OS X / macOS Dock – to appear only on one of the displays.
Much more recently, Apple has introduced the concept of Spaces. A Space is a virtual desktop. In Sequoia, there is a control in System Settings > Desktop & Dock called Displays have separate Spaces. When disabled, all displays are part of the same Space, and there is only a single menu bar and a single Dock, and you can extend a window so that part is on one display and part on another. When enabled, each display has its own virtual desktop, and I think that along with that, comes the menu bar and the Dock. But each window has to be entirely within one Space – so you can't turn on this control and then make one window span both physical displays.
Note that after changing the setting of the control, you might have to log out and back in (or even reboot the Mac) for the new setting to take effect.