Thanks ChrisJ4203. I found it, but having to go into the “Apps” setting, since the iOS 18.x updates, just to find it (and a few other things), is such an unnecessary step, IMO. I don’t often need the option, maybe 1-3x a year at the most, so I’d forgotten where it was (though I was close). 😔
Once I got to the correct screen, the toggle switch to turn Show My Caller ID on/off didn't show up. I remember this being an issue last time I wanted to do this too. All I get is a spinning gear wheel. I timed how long it spun this time… 3 mins 20 sec., at which point I decided to reboot the phone. That seems to be the only way to make it work properly.