Unknown error when entering password for iCloud on iPhone and MacBook

When I go to settings on my devices (iPhone and MacBook), a window pops up asking me to enter my password because my device is supposedly not connected to iCloud

When I enter my password, it says "unknown error." And when I try to change my password, it says "we cannot fulfill your request at this time."

However, I was able to access iCloud through my browser, and all applications that sync with iCloud are working normally and continue to sync. In the settings, I also don't see a list of devices connected to iCloud. It says that the list cannot be loaded.

I am also unable to log out of iCloud because it requests a password for the Locator app, and when I enter the password, it displays "unknown error."

[Re-Titled by Moderator]

Original Title: Enter the password