I can confirm this bug happens to me too on iOS 26, 26.0.1, 26.1 RC.
Ever since iOS 26 I frequently miss missed call notifications. Sometimes, the notification flashes and then disappears while other times I don't see it at all. Usually, it rights itself later probably because I leave the WiFi area and come back later. In general it doesn't happen when not connected to WiFi although it happened once over cellular. I get no badge on the phone icon but the call is listed in "Recents."
I don't have an Focus on. The Phone notifications are set to ON.
I have tried changing DNS servers in my router which sometimes helps, but it eventually breaks again. I have tried manually setting DNS in iOS - WiFi settings. I have rebooted, reset network settings, reset all settings, changed DNS server, toggled Airplane Mode, toggled WiFi, toggled Phone notifications, etc. I have tried dig tests of https://courier.push.apple.com and apple.com as well as going to them in a browser to see if I can get there and of course I can. Some of these things have caused the missed call notifications to come back temporarily, but after a day or they disappear again.