Modern MacBook Pros perform poorly without a battery, and can slow down considerably or otherwise experience anomalies.
Some older MacBook Pros could be utilized without a battery on wall power only. But then fluctuations in power could damage the electronics.
If you battery is causing overheating, that is a safety issue and should be addressed as soon as possible.
There is no way to instruct the Mac to bypass the battery. The only way would be to remove it or changing circuits inside, neither is recommended.
OWC sells battery replacements for old Macs. What year is yours? I had a battery in a 2013 MacBook Air replaced about 5 years ago by a local Apple Authorized Service Center (not Apple Store)with an OWC battery and the "new" battery is running very well and is still at 100%. At that time it was an inexpensive service.
Running a Mac with an overheating battery using cooling pads/fans to try to mitigate sounds unsafe to me. These batteries can cause fires (even when the Mac is powered off) on their own. I would either replace the battery or stop using this Mac for safety considerations.