Resurrecting this thread, with what seems to be a signficant update.
The punchline is, that after four to five VERY long months of CarPlay constantly / randomly disconnecting from my iPhone 17 Pro Max, the latest iOS 26.3 update seems to have fixed it! I've now gone three days of perfectly stable CarPlay connectivity.
A bit of background:
This issue first appears only when I swapped/upgraded my prior iPhone 15 Pro Max (running iOS 18.x), to an iPhone 17 Pro Max (running iOS 26), the very first week they debuted. Prior to that, I never had an issue with CarPlay connectivity.
I worked multiple support cases in parallel, between Apple Genius Bar, Apple Advanced Technical Support, and the manufacturer of my third-party/aftermarket CarPlay module. This included, among other things, Apple Advanced Technical Support providing my a link for running and uploading log captures from my phone when the issue occurred. They could find no fault codes or errors.
In the end, Apple Support blamed the manufacturer of my aftermarket CarPlay unit, and the manufacturer of my CarPlay unit blamed something specific to the iPhone 17 Pro and/or iOS 26 (as they got swamped with similar support cases). Likewise, Apple Support repeatedly reiterated that there had been no widespread issues around this being reported, to find the iPhone 17/iOS 26 device family at fault.
Flash forward, and the ONLY thing that has change...and now resolved the issue...is the iOS 26.3 update.
I reported this update back to Apple Support, with the request that they pass this along to Apple's iOS developers, capture whatever was done to resolve this, and ensure it's included in all regression testing for future iOS releases. Let's hope.