Immediately after an update, your phone is working hard to index the millions of bytes of data, so it's expected battery life will take a hit. But you're iPhone could be over 3 years old at this point, so if it still has the original battery in it, it may be past time to pay Apple to replace the battery. Open Settings > Battery Health and if its health is at 80% or lower, the useful life of the battery has been spent and you need to have the battery replaced.
Finally, after every iOS update, I immediately Force Restart my iPhone, so do this --> Force restart iPhone - Apple Support
If you need to have the battery replaced, this link will help you get that scheduled --> iPhone Battery Replacement - Apple Support