Types of group text messages
There are three types of group messages that you might see: group iMessage, group MMS, and group SMS. The Messages app automatically chooses the type of group message to send based on settings, network connection, and carrier plan.
For example:
- If you and your recipients are using Apple devices and iMessage is turned on, then the group message is sent as an iMessage. The limit of iMessage group on an iPhone is 32.
- If you send a group message to people who aren't using iMessage, then the message is sent as an MMS or SMS message. The limit depends on the Carrier. Please contact them.

Group iMessage: Sometimes, if iMessage isn't fully activated or there's an issue with your Apple ID, it can cause weird group chat behavior. Go to Settings > Messages > Send & Receive and ensure your Apple ID is properly listed, and that all the phone numbers and email addresses you want to use for iMessage are checked. Activate iMessage and FaceTime using your… - Apple Community
Group SMS: You need to have an SMS/MMS plan enabled by your carrier for the SIM/eSIM that you use on your device. Apple Inc. does not provide SMS/MMS services.