Adding a card to a device associated with an Apple Account different from yours may be interpreted as a fraudulent activity by the algorithms used by banks and Payment Network Operators (Visa, Mastercard, American Express etc.). In fact, from my casual observations, almost everyone that reports not being able to add a card has done the same activity.
I’ve posted on this issue multiple times in the communities here and on Reddit. You may want to search to read about the issue in more detail. You may want to read this thread,
Apple Wallet Disabled - how to resolve ? - Apple Community
When you attempt to add a card to the device, your iPhone sends information on your iPhone to the Payment Network Operator (PNO) Visa and if they approve then information is forwarded to your bank.
Both the PNO and your bank employ algorithms to evaluate the risk potential. Adding the card, is not something Apple participates in beyond the pure mechanics of once the bank approves, Apple adds the encrypted token representing your card, to your device.
Information Apple provides to the PNO and the bank are disclosed in several support documents Apple publishes. I’ve linked them below. The entire process is anonymous to Apple as part of their privacy and security protocols.
Bottom line is either the PNO or bank aren’t able or willing to modify their security procedures. The information on your device is the information and Apple can’t change it.
In regard to it being a known issue, it may happen to account owners from any bank when suspicious information is presented to the PNO and/or bank.
The fixes seems to be time upwards of 12 months but is generally reported to be in the 30 to 60 day range. The other fix is a direct involvement between the PNO and the bank. Several community members both here and on Reddit have reported that getting bank personnel involved resolved the issue in a few days. For example it was reported here that the community member contacted his personal investment adviser at the bank and his cards were added in a few days. Others choose the waiting game and reported success after 30 days or longer.
I’m happy to answer any additional questions you have.
Apple Pay security and privacy overview - Apple Support
Card provisioning security overview - Apple Support
Apple Pay component security - Apple Support
Apple Pay Wallet Terms and Conditions
Adding credit or debit cards to Apple Pay - Apple Support
