How to store documents locally on Ventura without iCloud

I don't use iCloud for documents, but from the screenshots you have shared, it appears macOS is uploading all current items contained in the folders you have associated with iCloud on your Mac computer to the cloud before deleting those items from your computer. This may take a long time depending on how much data is being uploaded to the cloud and the speed of your connection to Apple's iCloud servers.

That final screenshot showing the progress bar of the file upload to iCloud will occur until it is completed or you cancel/stop the operation. You may continue using the computer (otherwise Apple should say something & restrict the user from doing anything during the transfer), but I don't know what happens if you happen to modify or create items in the synced folders while this upload process is ongoing.

Here is an Apple article which does mention turning off iCloud Drive:

from: Add your Desktop and Documents files to iCloud Drive - Apple Support

What happens when you turn off iCloud Drive or sign out of iCloud

If you turn off iCloud Drive or sign out of iCloud, a new Desktop and Documents folder is created in your home folder. You also have the option to keep a local copy of your files that are in iCloud Drive. If you keep a local copy of your files in iCloud Drive, they're copied to a folder called iCloud Drive (Archive) in your home folder. You can move any files that were in your iCloud Desktop and Documents to your new local Desktop and Documents.

By not enabling iCloud, or if iCloud is already on, then turn iCloud off.

Change iCloud settings on Mac - Apple Support

Otherwise you should elaborate with some details:

Writing an effective Apple Support Communities Question - Apple Community