What file system is on that external drive?
Is that file system encrypted?
Are you using the drive manufacturer's proprietary third party software to manage that drive in any way, or any third party software to allow write access to that drive?
Is this your only drive with this issue?
Have you tried using another cable to connect the drive directly to the laptop? Make sure it is a good high quality cable since the cables provided by the manufacturer many times will barely work.
Have you tried connecting the drive to a powered USB3 hub (assuming the problem drive is a USB drive)?
Make sure to disconnect all other external devices in case one of them is causing a problem.
If you have any anti-virus software, cleaning/optimizer apps, or third party security software installed, then completely uninstall them by following their developer's instructions (just moving them to the Trash is not sufficient).