Gaming while charging MacBook Pro M4 battery health?

Here is some of Apple's guidance regarding battery health and management:

Batteries - Maximizing Performance - Apple Support

About battery health management in Mac laptops - Apple Support 

In a nutshell, to get the most from your battery:

• Let the OS and charging circuits manage the charging.

• Plug in when using the computer near available power - gaming or not.

• Use on battery when ac is unavailable or when you must be mobile.

• Don’t subject the computer and battery to extreme temperatures.

• Don’t allow the battery to regularly discharge deeply before plugging in. Yes, it may happen from time to time, just don't make it a habit.

• Don’t obsess over battery life and/or health.  

❝Worry is the misuse of imagination.❞ – Zadra

No need to stress. Simply use it on AC power whenever it is available, and use it on battery power whenever portability is needed.

razaelo wrote:

I have a MacBook Pro M4, and when I want to play heavy games on it, I plug it into the charger. I wanted to know whether doing heavy tasks—especially gaming—while the laptop is charging can damage the battery in the long run.

At the same time, I’ve heard that when gaming, it’s actually better not to run the laptop on battery power.

What should I do? I’d really appreciate your guidance.

Honestly, as someone who has recently switched from Windows to macOS, I feel quite stressed about this.

The rule of thumb—if you are near the mains leave it plugged in, if you need the portability then run on the battery only—this is how you help optimize your battery charging and extend the working life of your battery by reducing the cycle count.