External drive not recognized on MacBook Pro (2019) Sonoma

What file system is on the external drive?

Is this a regular data drive, or is it a Time Machine backup drive?

Run the third party app DriveDx (free trial period) to check the health of the external drive. Post the complete DriveDx text report here using the "Additional Texta' icon which looks like a piece of paper on the forum editing toolbar. You will need to install a special USB driver in order to attempt to access the health information from a USB drive.

"The calling process or user lacks the proper privileges to perform" Means that macOS doesn't let you do because the user you are using isn't a admin and doesn't have permisson to modtify its contents. if you are an admin, Restart the Mac. Intel: Hold the power button "Touch ID Reader". If this happens again go to macOS Recovery and First Aid the drive from there. Intel: Restart Mac, Hold Command + R. Apple Silicon: Hold power button on boot. and then type ur password, Select "Disk Utility" And plug the drive in. Press First Aid, and share the results