How to zoom out further than 1x on iPad Camera?

1x is the minimum distance. The iPad's camera lacks the hardware to zoom out further, like the iPhones which can go down to. 0.5 thank's to the Ultra Wide camera lens, the iPad's lack.

Some iPad models (e.g. iPad Pro M1 & M2) have an ultra-wide (0.5x) camera in addition to the standard (1x) camera - while other models do not (e.g. iPad Pro M4 & M5).

As described, your iPad (model undeclared) likely lacks the ultra-wide camera. You can check the camera specifications of all iPad models here:

https://www.apple.com/ipad/compare/?modelList=ipad-pro-12-9-5th-gen,ipad-pro-13-m4,ipad-pro-11-m5