Is there a way to enable MacBook to receive airdrops when it is asleep?

Airdrop requires both WiFi and Bluetooth to work. When your Mac sleeps, is normally shuts off WiFi; that's why Airdrop doesn't work when the Mac is sleeping.

Try the following, it "may" work ...

Go to System Settings > Battery. Click Options then click the pop-up menu next to “Wake for network access,” then choose Always then click Done.

In this mode, the Mac wakes WiFi periodically to let the network know it's available and may also wake when it receives a network request. YMMV.

Can you transfer the file indirectly via iCloud Drive, or via a local NAS? That’ll avoid the whole problem.

The sneaky way: use Find My, and ask the Mac to play a sound.

"Is there a way to enable MacBook to receive airdrops when it is asleep?"

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Make AirDrop a Login Item:

You can do so through the use of a third-party app such as this one: Wolow - Wake on LAN - App Store. The site reads in dull font that it is designed for iPad, yet it runs just fine on an iPhone. You'd add AirDrop as Login Item, through AppleScript. Essentially, you'd create a script that opens AirDrop. Then, add that as a Login Item. I open certain apps in that manor.

It's a thought.