Confirming multiple steps you mention having taken, because I also have a 16” M1 MBP on 26.3, and external SSDs and camera cards (SD in the built-in slot, CFeB in a USB-C reader) all mount normally. Same is true on my 16” M4 MBP.
Finder menu > Settings > General tab, tick the box to show External Disks. Change the same setting on the Sidebar tab, if you like.


If those boxes are already checked, then open Applications > Utilities > Disk Utility, select View menu > Show all devices. Does it show up there, and if so, can you mount it?


If you have a Mac laptop computer (not applicable to Mac desktops), accessories must be allowed to connect. Go to System Settings > Privacy & Security > Accessories, try changing it to Automatically allow when unlocked or Always allow.


There were a few prior posts on this forum from users who couldn’t access their external drive due to the drive manufacturer’s software that they used to encrypt the drive. Lacie/Seagate, Samsung, SanDisk, etc., all provide 'drive management' software on their drives and using such 3rd party software can cause issues when macOS is updated and the 3rd party software becomes incompatible. Not sure if that's theissue here, but FYI the best practice with a new external drive (SSD/HDD, not applicable to NAS drives) is to use Disk Utility to complete erase it, format it as GUID/APFS and apply encryption if desired.
Final note: if nothing at all is showing on your Desktop, go to System Settings > Desktop & Dock and make sure the box to Show Items OnDesktop is checked.
