How to access downloads on iPad

Open Files app and move to the Downloads folder.

If currently or recently downloaded something using Safari, you’ll also see a direct link to the downloads to the right of the address field, and (when active) a download progress bar shown underneath the download icon:

This’ll all disappear when there are no recent downloads.

Tap on the icon and you’ll have access to the downloads too, the ability to open supported files, delete, etc.