Re: "Okay I have another problem ..."
Seems to me that the uncompleted subscription and the incomplete cancellation are two quite separate and different things.
(1) The incomplete cancellation may be hung up, because the subscription diid not actually go through, remaining unpaid. Your current payment method can not be charged. Seems there is nothing to cancel yet ... no money changed hands yet.
(2) The uncompleted purchase remains unfinished because there is no payment for your order, and no payment method that can be charged. Also: there's no source for ongoing regular subscription payments in the account, likely needed for the purchase to complete.
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Re: "I just need to stop all these attempts to debit money from the card."
What Apple's accounting process likely expects is payment for the subscription order you placed. Once processed, that should allow cancellation to complete.
You can then claim a refund, and wait for approval from Apple.
Find out how to pay an unpaid order.
See what to do: If a message says 'billing problem with previous purchase' or 'verification required' - Apple Support
and
See how to: Request a refund for apps or content that you bought from Apple - Apple Support
(Note: While the charge is pending, you canʼt request a refund yet.
After the charge goes through, you can request a refund.)
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Else: If you haven't already:
The only other possible resolution is to reach out to the Billing and Subscriptions team, as pointed out earlier ... they may or may not be able to help.
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If not, and the subscription is not one of Apple's own products::
The best source of help for a product not made by Apple (a third-party product) is the company or person who made it—its vendor or developer:
Contact a third-party vendor - Apple Support
or
How to contact an app developer - Apple Support
All the best :-)