Ensure the TP-Link firmware is current.
The Wi-Fi characteristics are visible by using Option-Click on the Wi-Fi logo 🛜 in the menu bar to capture Wi-Fi network data. Wi-Fi Security, Channel, Country, RSSI, Noise, Tx Rate, PHY mode, MCS, and NSS are all interesting here, but don’t post the Wi-Fi address, any local HotSpots that might be present, the Wi-Fi network name, or the BSSID.
Given you have a Mac, get WiFi Explorer app and use that to view the local network environment, signal strength, and other competing Wi-Fi networks. I use that app when troubleshooting, and it was invaluable for finding failing AirPort Time Capsule boxes — those AirPort Time Capsule network problems were why I started using the app, and it all tracked back to those random drop-outs.
You may well be making some of your own Wi-Fi contention here too, with mesh (which needs two Wi-Fi channels for each box) and AirPort competing for available channels. Mesh is useful when you can’t run wires, but the connections are slower and the added Wi-Fi channels can mean more room for Wi-Fi interference.
I’d start by scanning the local Wi-Fi environment and see what’s going on.
You can use Time Capsule as a wired NAS; with Wi-Fi off. But Time Capsule support ends with macOS 26.
Local gear preference is Ubiquiti Unifi gear, though that’s a step or two up from what is being discussed here in various dimensions, and the Unifi gear can incorporate local storage, not-cloud security cameras, and other features.