I found the solution. It started with a Google search that took me to the instructions below to allow applications to find and communicate with devices on my local network. I'd done this before without success, but when I went back now to double check it, I found that there were multiple HP scanner applications listed.
I saw HP Easy Scan at the top of the list and it was set to allow, so I thought all was as it should be. When I went back just now, I found HP Device Monitor and at the very bottom of the list, HP Scanner 3 which was disabled. I'd never heard of HP Scanner 3, and considering my scanner was working fine until two days ago, I can only deduce that HP Scanner 3 was either new to the list as of two days ago, or since I last scanned something, or that it was disallowed somehow (not by me). But when I allowed it access, my scanner started working again.
1. Check Your Mac's Local Network Settings
If you are using macOS, a security setting might be blocking the scanner from communicating with your Mac. [1, 2]
- Go to Apple Menu > System Settings (or System Preferences).
- Click on Privacy & Security.
- Select Local Network.
- Ensure the toggle next to your printer/scanner or the HP app is turned ON. [1]
Thanks everyone for your input.